CIA Triad
Before looking at the different cryptographic technologies in use today, it is important to understand the basic premise of cryptography itself. Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques to secure communications in the presence of third parties. Historically, cryptography was synonymous with encryption. Its goal was to keep messages private. Today, cryptography includes other responsibilities:
Confidentiality: Uses encryption algorithms to encrypt and hide data
Data integrity: Uses hashing algorithms to ensure that data is unaltered during any operation
Authentication: Ensures that any messages received were actually sent from the perceived origin
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